History of Iquitos
IQUITOS THROUGH HISTORY
The written documentation of the history of Iquitos started with the first visit of the Jesuit mission to the area currently known as the Great Plain . It is believed that the territories amazonian near the current city were inhabited by jungle ethnic groups such as the yameo (Napean natives) and the iquito , from where the city got its name.
The establishment of the Jesuit mission began around 1757 with the name of San Pablo de los Napeanos. The mission consisted of Napean and Iquitos natives and was situated on the banks of the Nanay River until the mid-18th century. After a definitive transfer in 1764 to its current location with the name of "San Pablo de Nuevo Napeanos", the Napean natives progressively left the village until only Iquitos natives remained. Because of this, at the end of the 18th century, the town was known as the "hamlet of Iquitos."
HOW THE CITY WAS BORN
During the Upper Cretaceous (65 million years ago), the area where Iquitos would be, belonged to the basin of foreland , a depression caused by the appearance of Andes mountain range . 1 The depression was invaded by a maritime water system in the Neogene (21 million years ago) called the Pebas System, a collection of swamps , rivers and swamps . 1 In those times, the territory where Iquitos would be, was completely submerged under many meters of water. 1 The Pebas System was supplied by water from the Caribbean Sea , resulting in the presence of mollusks . 1
In the immediate transition between the Pliocene Y Miocene , 5 million years ago, the Pebas System disappears and the Amazon basin acquires an initial drainage similar to the present one. 1 The mainland appears where subsequently the first colonizations would settle to form Iquitos. 1
In the Pre-Columbian America , the territories amazonian near the current city were inhabited by jungle ethnic groups such as the yameo (Napean natives) and the iquito , from where the city got its name. The iquito settled in the rivers Pastaza , Arabela , Tigre, Nanay and Curaray . 2 3 There is still discussion about who settled in the plateau surrounded by the rivers Nanay , Amazonas , Itaya and Lake Moronacocha, where the city of Iquitos is currently located.
Upon the arrival of the Spaniards, the ethnic groups and other tribes were transferred and some settled in the area of what Iquitos would be. Between 1638 to 1769 several indigenous tribes were transferred to settlements known as "reductions", administered by missionaries Jesuits , belonging to the religious order of the Society of Jesus . On many occasions, the reductions had to be relocated, sometimes many kilometers away from their original location, but they used to keep their name. Likewise, the missionaries transferred groups of a certain ethnic group to place them together with others in some other town. In that period of time the Jesuits founded several reductions: Juan Nepomuceno de Iquitos and Santa Bárbara de Iquitos in 1740 , San Sebastián de Iquitos in 1742 and Sacred Heart of Jesus of Maracanos in 1748 , all founded by Father José Bahamonde; Santa María de Iquitos was founded by Father Uriarte in 1754 ; San Javier de Iquitos by Father Palme in 1763 and San José de Iquitos founded by Father Uriarte in 1767 , the year in which the Jesuits were forced to withdraw from the Hispanic colonies. 4 2
In 1757 , Iquitos was founded as a mission Jesuit 3 under the name of under the name of Saint Paul of the Napeans. This town was a reduction of Napean and Iquitos natives and was located on the banks of the Nanay River until the middle of the 18th century . Its population dispersed around the year 1757 and moved in 1764 to its current location, on the left bank of the Amazon, with the name of San Pablo de Nuevo Napeanos and organized by Father Bahamonde. 2 Over time, the Napean natives progressively abandoned the hamlet until only Iquitos natives remained, so that, at the end of the century XVIII the population was already known as "the hamlet of Iquitos." In 1808, Hipólito Sánchez Rangel, the bishop of Maynas, reported that the Iquitos hamlet had 171 inhabitants and by June 8, 1842, the date on which Iquitos was elevated to a district, it had just over 200 inhabitants. 2
The Naval Factory and the first federalist insurrection: 1860-1890
Between 1863 Y 1864 , Iquitos was a small town until the arrival of the Peruvian sailors and ships Pastaza, Prosperous Y Morona, commanded by the president Ramón Castilla y Marquesado , who brought the pieces to install the Naval Factory (located in the current Malecón Tarapacá), because the city is favorably located between the Nanay River and the left bank of Amazon River , becoming an obligatory departure point for other regions. Until the present day, the January 5 from 1864 is celebrated as the founding of Iquitos as a fluvial port for the Amazon River and by the arrival of ships. 5 Despite the festive date, the origin of the city is still under discussion.
Due to the boom that followed after the factory and the colony were installed. February 7 1866 it was created Loreto department by the president Mariano I. Prado , 6 and Iquitos was declared the provincial capital. That same year, what was possibly the first Mayor from the city, Mr. José Jesús Jiménez.
The Loreto insurrection of 1896 it was the first revolutionary event in Iquitos. On May 2, 1896, Ricardo Seminario and Aramburu and Mariano José Madueño announced the Federal State of Loreto as part of the new Federal System of Peru, a proposal that the then president Nicolas de Piérola expressed during his election campaign in 1895. 7 Seminario y Aramburu started the federal project in the region as a pilot program. 7 Despite the fact that Piérola was a seminary companion, the President of Peru yielded to the country's central system and ended up persecuting the revolutionaries, including Seminario and Madueño. 7 The federal government only lasted for a few months as it was suffocated by the army forces. After that, on November 9, 1897, Nicolas de Pierola names the city as the capital of the department of Loreto. 8
The Rubber Fever and the Europeanization of Iquitos 1880 - 1914
The rubber rush ( Hevea brasiliensis ) brought intense commercial attention to the city. Started approximately in In 1880 , the event made Iquitos the center of rubber exploitation in the Peruvian Amazon , and together with Manaus , in the two main rubber centers, as well as one of the richest cities on the continent. Several Peruvians from other parts of the country and foreigners, especially Europeans, came to the city to get a quicker and easier fortune at the cost of the exploitation and abuse of the Amazonian natives. During this period the architecture of Iquitos , and provided the city with basic and public services. November 9 1897 , Iquitos is declared as the capital of Loreto, replacing Moyobamba . 6 In 1905 , electric lighting was installed and the urban rail , services that reached Iquitos before several Peruvian and European cities. 9 The Superior Court was placed in 1907 and the Mother Church in 1919 , among others. Alfonso Graña Y Lucas Espinosa They are two notable characters during this time.
Around the year 1914 , the monopoly rubber tapper Amazonian ended when the English plantations in Singapore Y Malaysia they began to be productive for the rubber harvest. The seeds of Hevea brasiliensis they had been smuggled. This once again left Iquitos in the poverty and isolation of the jungle cities, as well as the abandonment of lavish European-style buildings.
The Cervantes Revolution and Post-World War II: 1921-1963
On August 5, 1921, Iquitos became, again, the capital of the new federal state after Guillermo Cervantes will start a great revolutionary movement. 7 The Loreto population considered the coastal centralism as the cause of his oblivion, and that originated a "now latent regional ardor." 10 The Cervantes revolution became so famous for its appearance in crescendo towards radical overtones. Its Revolutionary Committee dismissed the prefect, Luis F. Escudero, and issued a type of "ticket checks", considered to be the currency called "Cervantes". 10
In 1938 , begins the oil exploitation that partially returned economic activity to the city. There were also several small booms cheap with the barbasco , skins, forestry industry and exploitation of other resources of the Amazon. 8
During the World War II and before the capture by the Axis forces of the British rubber islands, in 1942 , the Allies They install the Capitán Bergerie airport in Iquitos, as well as the Iquitos Support Hospital, in order to transport Amazonian rubber to factories and vulcanizers in the United States of America , as well as preventing the entry of the Axis into the New World .
There is a new uprising in Iquitos between February 16 and 26, 1956 . 10 The incident was led by General Marcial Merino, Commander General of the Jungle Division, who was opposed to Manuel A. Odria who was accused of depriving citizens of "the fundamental freedoms to organize themselves politically and civically." 10 Among the intentions was to recover Leticia, however Odría threatened to bomb Iquitos, causing the population to be terribly excited. The situation got out of control, culminating in Merino's exile to the Brazilian Consulate. 10
There was a year with a bit of tranquility, although it was somewhat affected by a revolt in February 1957 due to the rise in the price of urban transport. 10 However, on July 1 of the same year, a furious Riot , organized by students, which seriously attacked cinemas and shops. The incident left a fatality and the Army threatened to put in state of emergency to the city. 10 Ironically, the cause was due to an owner of one of the cinemas raising the price of tickets to see a movie starring Cantinflas . 10
On November 14, 1963, the Congress of the republic He declared "January 5, 1864, the official date of the founding of the fluvial port of Iquitos on the Amazon River," after making a historical investigation of the dates proposed as the founding of the city. 3
Contemporary era - IQUITOS MODERN
WELCOME!!!
